flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 large photodiode area (120 120 mm) www.hamamatsu.com 1 the C7942CA-22 is a compact, lightweight digital x-ray image sensor developed as a key device for non-destructive inspection, biochemical imaging, and x-ray microscopy. high-resolution, high-de nition digital x-ray images can be acquired in real time. high-speed imaging: 2 frames/s (single operation) 9 frames/s (4 4 binning) non-destructive inspection (off-line only) digital x-ray photography low noise and wide dynamic range 12-bit digital output 2400 2400 pixels structure the C7942CA-22 is comprised of a sensor board and a control board. mounted on the sensor board is a cmos image sensor chip made up of a tow-dimensional photodiode array, row-scanning vertical shift register, and 8 charge amplifier arrays. each charge ampl ifier array has a horizontal shift register and consists of 300 ch charge amplifiers with cds circuit. a csi scintillator plate is mounted on the two-dimensional photodiode array. x-rays incident on the scintillator are converted to fluorescence, which then enters the two-dimensional photodiode array where electric charge is accumulated in each pixel accordi ng to the light intensity. the accumulated charge on each row is sequentially selected by the row-scanning vertical shift register, t ransferred to the amplifiers through the data line, and converted to a voltage signal. then an analog signal is sent out from each amplifi er array by scanning the horizontal shift register. the control board converts the analog signal into a 12-bit digital signal, which is then sent to a frame grabber board as a 12- bit parallel output through one port. kaccc0216eb amp array no. 1 vertical shift register timing pulse generator oscillator exttrggrb pixel number vsync hsync pclk a/d intext binning (bin0, bin1) external power supply a.vdd, d.vdd, v (7.5) (not attached) amp array no. 8 photodiode array note: signals are read out in order of pixel number. buffer amp buffer amp processing amp processing amp 12 5760000 5759999 2400 2339 4800 4799 2401 scintillator (120 120 mm) bias generator exttrglemo fifo a/d fifo video output (12 bit digital) features applications
flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 2 general ratings absolute maximum ratings (ta=25 c) specifications [ta=25 c, a.vdd= 5.0 v, d.vdd= 5.0 v, v(7.5)= 7.5 v] parameter specifications unit pixel size 50 50 m photodiode area 120 120 mm number of pixels 2400 2400 pixels number of active pixels 2240 2344 pixels readout charge amplifier array - video output (data1-12) rs-422 (differential), 12-bit - output data rate 15.15 mhz synchronous signal (vsync, hsync, pclk) rs-422 (differential) - bin0/1, exttrggrb, exttrglemo, intext ttl - scintillator csi - parameter symbol value unit supply voltage for digital circuitry (+5 v) d.vdd +6.0 v supply voltage for analog circuitry (+5 v) a.vdd +6.0 v supply voltage for analog circuitry (7.5 v) v(7.5) 12 v input voltage (bin0/1, exttrggrb, exttrglemo, intext) vin 0 to 6.0 v operating temperature * 1 topr 0 to +40 c storage temperature * 1 tstg -10 to +60 c incident x-ray energy - 100 kvp *1: no condensation note: ex ceeding the absolute maximum r atings even momentarily may cause a drop in product quality. always be sure to use the product within the absolute maximum ratings. parameter symbol min. typ. max. unit frame rate (single operation) sf(int) 1.9 2 - frames/s frame rate (2 2 binning) - - 4 - frames/s frame rate (4 4 binning) - - 9 - frames/s frame rate external (single operation) sf(ext) - sf(int) to 0.1 - frames/s noise (rms)* 2 n(rms) - 1100 - electrons saturation charge csat - 2.2 - m electrons sensitivity * 3 s 20 25 - lsb/mr resolution * 4 reso 6 8 - line pairs/mm dynamic range - 2000 - - defect line * 5 - - - 20 lines blemish * 6 ---6 0 0 m non-uniformity of sensitivity * 6 ---4 % defect cluster * 6 - not allowed - bright line output adjacent to a defect line * 6 - - - 120 % output offset * 6 - - 65 200 lsb * 2: internal trigger mode, single operation *3: at 80 kvp without filter *4: spatial frequency at ctf=5 % *5: a def ect line is a horizontal or vertical line containing 4 or more cosecutiv e pixels located at the opposite side of an amplifier array or a shift register, that produce 1/8 of the average sensitivity of the surrounding pixels. adjacent defective lines are not allowed in the vertical or horizontal directions. * 6: see p. 7, 8, ?description of terms? * 7: average of all effective pixels in single operation at sf(int) note: x -r ay energy range is 20 k to 100 kvp. resolution kaccb0202eb spatial frequency (line pairs/mm) ctf (%) 012345678910 0 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 [ta=25 c, a.vdd=5.0 v, d.vdd=5.0 v, v (7.5 v)=7.5 v]
flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 3 1 frame (tvc) 1st row 2nd row he enlarged view dummy lines tvdpw phe pg phe phd phd phe 1st row 2nd row 1st row 2nd row all pulses are counted in the ?high? period of hsync+. all pulses are counted at the riging edge of pclk+. the effective video output is only included in the ?phe? period. last row vsync+ (grabber) vsync+ (grabber) hsync+ (grabber) hsync+ (grabber) pclk+ (grabber) recommendation: 50 % of frame time frame time (tvc to tmax) tvd txray tvl tvc - tvdpw exttrglemo exttrggrb (ttl) vsync+ (rs-422) hsync+, pclk+ and effective video output are the same as internal trigger mode. tmax is defined as the reciprocal of the minimum value of sf(ext). txray = frame time - tvd - (tvc - tvdpw) tvl = frame time - (tvc - tvdpw) to acquire images through a frame grabber board, write parameters in the software program or parameter file by referring to the following timing chart and description. kaccc0362ec kaccc0341ed timing chart internal trigger mode parameter count single operation (1 1) 2 2 binning 4 4 binning he effective line 2344 1172 586 dummy line 56 28 14 phe effective pixel 2240 1120 560 dummy pixel 160 80 40 phd 526 1726 2326 pg 21 21 21 note: ?he? is the hsync count. phe, phd and pg are the pclk count. (typ.) parameter symbol single operation 2 2 binning 4 4 binning unit vsync dela y time (only external trigger mode) t vd 390 390 390 s cycle time (internal trigger mode) tvc 470 230 117 ms pulse width of vsync+ in low period (internal trigger mode) tvdpw 770 770 770 s note: the numbers of significant figures is two. (except tvc) mode 40-pin receptacle 2-pin receptacle pin no. 17 (exttrggrb) pin no. 37 (intext) pin no. 1 (exttrglemo) internal trigger mode - (input signal is ignored. ) low - (input signal is ignored. ) external trigger mode rectangular signal (see the right figure.) high high or open high or open rectangular signal (see the right figure.) to acquire images in external trigger mode, input an external trigger pulse as shown below. when the time tvd has passed after the rising edge of the external trigger pulse, synchronous signals and video signals are obtained. when used in synchronization with a pulsed x-ray source, x-rays should be irradiated during the txray period. external trigger mode
flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 4 to operate the C7942CA-22 at full performance, the following system and peripherals are required. o pc: prepare a pc that meets the specifications of the frame grabber boar d while taking the required image processing capability int o account. o frame grabber board: monochrome 16 bits or more, pixel clock 16 mhz or more, rs-422 interface synchronous signal o power source: a.vdd = +5.0 0.1 v (1000 ma), d.vdd = +5.0 0.1 v (1000 ma), v(7.5 v) = 7.5 v 0.5 v (100 ma) the voltages described above are specified at the flat panel sensor side. the impedance of the power cable attached with the fl at panel sensor is low enough but it causes 0.1 v approx. drop. therefore the voltage at the power source side should be set 0.1 v higher than the voltage specified above. please use a low noise series power supply. (avoid using a switching power supply.) install a noise filter on the ac power input line to prevent surges on the ac line. always ground the ground terminal to avoid the effects of noise from peripheral devices. o frame grabber board cable (sold separately, see p. 8.): for synchronous signal, video output and external control (see table 1 .) o power cable (terminated with an fgg.2b.307.clad92z plug at one end and open at the other end; 2 m; see table 2.) o external trigger cable (terminated with an ffa.0s.302.clac37 plug at one end and open at the other end; 5 m; see table 3.) o earth cable (awg18; 4 m) the image acquisition software and image processing libraries are not included with the flat panel sensor. system requirements accessories [table 1] pin assignment of 40-pin receptacle pin no. signal pin no. signal 1 data1+ (lsb) 21 data1- (lsb) 2 data2+ 22 data2- 3 data3+ 23 data3- 4 data4+ 24 data4- 5 data5+ 25 data5- 6 data6+ 26 data6- 7 data7+ 27 data7- 8 data8+ 28 data8- 9 data9+ 29 data9- 10 data10+ 30 data10- 11 data11+ 31 data11- 12 data12+ (msb) 32 data12- (msb) 13 r eserved 33 reserved 14 reserved 34 reserved 15 bin0 (ttl) 35 gnd 16 bin1 (ttl) 36 gnd 17 exttrggrb (ttl) 37 intext (ttl) 18 vsync+ 38 vsync- 19 hsync+ 39 hsync- 20 pclk+ 40 pclk- unless otherwise noted, signal level is rs-422. 40-pin receptacle: 10240-52b2pl made by 3m co. ltd. mating plug: 10140-6000el made by 3m co. ltd.
flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 5 [table 2] power pin assignment and cable color [table 3] external trigger pin assignment and cable color [table 4] binning mode setting (grabber interface: 40-pin receptacle) pin no. color signal 1 brown +7.5 v 2 r ed analog gnd 3 orange -7.5 v 4 yellow analog gnd 5 green analog +5 v 6 blue digital gnd 7 purple digital +5 v shield - analog gnd 7-pin power receptacle: ecg.2b.307.clv made by lemo s.a. mating power plug: fgg.2b.307.clad92z made by lemo s.a. pin no. color signal 1 red exttrglemo (ttl) 2 b lack signal gnd shield - analog gnd 2-pin receptacle: ecp.0s.302.cll made by lemo s.a mating plug: ffa.0s.302.clac37 made by lemo s.a. operating mode pin no. no . 15 (bin0) no . 16 (bin1) single operation (1 1) low low 2 2 binning high low 4 4 binning high high the C7942CA-22 has binning mode for reading out signals from multiple pixels at a time. the binning mode setting can be changed by using i/o port. binning mode
flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 6 install the frame grabber board into the pc by the manufacturer?s instructions. when a general-purpose frame grabber board with i/o control is used, the binning mode or trigger mode can be set by contr olling bin0, bin1, intext, and exttrggrb through the i/o l ine. connection example dimensional outline (unit: mm, tolerance: 1 mm unless otherwise noted) kaccc0476eb video output (12-bit digital) vsync, hsync, pclk binning (bin0, bin1) intext exttrggrb x-ray source frame grabber board monitor pc/at (rear view) os + image acquisition software voltage source [a.vdd, d.vdd, v(7.5)] exttrglemo C7942CA-22 cmos flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 kacca0248eb top cover is made of aluminum 1.0 mm thick. weight: 2.4 kg *0.5 mm 198 22.9 active area 112 (0, 0) (2239,2343) active area 117.2 scintillator to top cover 8* 150* 27* 28 48 55 43 37 15 digital out 12 12.4 12.4 (4 ) m3 depth 4 33* 127* 165* 17* 200 33.5 cmos flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 cmos flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 ext.trig power
flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 7 do not subject the flat panel sensors to strong vibration or shock (strong shock such as drop impacts may cause permanent dam age to these sensors). users must take responsibility for implementing x-ray shielding safety measures to avoid the risk of x-ray exposure. data listed in this datasheet is defined at the time of shipment. characteristics may vary somewhat due to exposure to x-rays so take proper coutermeasures such as making periodic image correction. this product is warranted for a period of 12 months after the date of the shipment. the warranty is limited to make a replacement or repair of any defective product due to defects in workmanship or materials u sed in manufacture. the warranty does not cover loss or damage caused by natural disaster, misuse (including modifications and any use not complying with the environment, application, usage and storage conditions described in this datasheet), or total radiation dose over 1 million roentgen (incident x-ray energy: less than 100 kvp) even within the warranty period. as described above, flat panel sensors have limited resistance to radiation. this must be taken into account when using a fla t panel sensor under continuous irradiation (this sensor cannot be used for in-line application). . when using flat panel sensors in non-destructive inspection equipment, please contact us and provide information such as irra diation conditions. notice abcdefghi j column row klmnopqrs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 line b (column h, l) defect line (column j) line a (column i, k) kaccc0385eb kaccc0384eb this is defined as defect cluster. normal pixel defective pixel this is not defined as defect cluster. description of terms length of pixel cluster which has less than 90 % of the average sensitivity of the surrounding pixels. formed with more than 3 3 pixels which have less than 1/8 of the average sensitivity of the surrounding pixels. the relative sensitivity ratio ?a/b? should be 120 % or less for both vertical and horizontal lines, where ?a? and ?b? are defined as follows: a: average sensitivity of bright line (line a) adjacent to defect line b: average sensitivity of standard line (line b) adjacent to line a note that the average sensitivity of the bright line is calculated from the region adjacent to the defect region in the defect line. example: see the right figure. defect region in defect line: from pixel (j, 1) to pixel (j, 15) a: average sensitivity from pixel (i, 1) to pixel (i, 15) or from pixel (k, 1) to pixel (k, 15) b: average sensitivity from pixel (h, 1) to pixel (h, 15) or from pixel (l, 1) to pixel (l, 15) blemish defect cluster bright line output adjacent to a defect line
flat panel sensor C7942CA-22 cat. no. kacc1160e07 nov. 2014 dn www.hamamatsu.com hamamatsu photonics k.k., solid state division 1126-1 ichino-cho, higashi-ku, hamamatsu city, 435-8558 japan, telephone: (81) 53-434-3311, fax: (81) 53-434-5184 u.s.a.: hamamatsu corporation: 360 foothill road, bridgewater, n.j. 08807, u.s.a., telephone: (1) 908-231-0960, fax: (1) 908-23 1-1218 germany: hamamatsu photonics deutschland gmbh: arzbergerstr. 10, d-82211 herrsching am ammersee, germany, telephone: (49) 8152-375-0, fax: (49) 8152-265-8 france: hamamatsu photonics france s.a.r.l.: 19, rue du saule trapu, parc du moulin de massy, 91882 massy cedex, france, telephone: 33-(1) 69 53 71 00, fax: 33-(1) 69 53 71 10 united kingdom: hamamatsu photonics uk limited: 2 howard court, 10 tewin road, welwyn garden city, hertfordshire al7 1bw, united kingdom, telephone: (44) 1707-294888, fax: (44) 1707-325777 north europe: hamamatsu photonics norden ab: torshamnsgatan 35 16440 kista, sweden, telephone: (46) 8-509-031-00, fax: (46) 8-5 09-031-01 italy: hamamatsu photonics italia s.r.l.: strada della moia, 1 int. 6, 20020 arese (milano), italy, telephone: (39) 02-93581733 , fax: (39) 02-93581741 china: hamamatsu photonics (china) co., ltd.: b1201, jiaming center, no.27 dongsanhuan beilu, chaoyang district, beijing 100020 , china, telephone: (86) 10-6586-6006, fax: (86) 10-6586-2866 product specifications are subject to change without prior notice due to improvements or other reasons. this document has been carefully prepared and the information contained is believed to be accurate. in rare cases, however, there may be inaccuracies such as text errors. before using these products, always contact us for the delivery specification sheet to check the latest specifications. type numbers of products listed in the delivery specification sheets or supplied as samples may have a suffix "(x)" which means preliminary specifications or a suffix "(z)" which means developmental specifications. the product warranty is valid for one year after delivery and is limited to product repair or replacement for defects discovered and reported to us within that one year period. however, even if within the warranty period we accept absolutely no liability for any loss caused by natural d isasters or improper product use. copying or reprinting the contents described in this material in whole or in part is prohibited without our prior permission. information described in this material is current as of november, 2014. 8 non-unifomity of sensitivity = : standard deviation of 16 16 ?xij? x : average value of 16 16 ?xij? x kaccc0406ea 20 pixels 20 pixels 20 pixels 20 pixels 138 pixels 144 pixels 144 pixels 144 pixels 144 pixels 138 pixels 138 pixels 130 pixels 16 segments 1 mm active area 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm active area 16 segments 16 16 segments are 16 16-divided active area excluded 1 mm from the whole edge. xij is defined as the average sensitivity of each segment. uniformity of sensitivity is calculated as following equation. non-uniformity of sensitivity frame grabber cables (a8406 series) hamamatsu provides the a8406 series as frame grabber board cables. the a8406 series is available in several types with differen t cable lengths and terminations. check the cable specifications that meet your needs. for detailed information, refer to the a8406 series data sheet.
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